One of the dependent variables that I would collect in the evidence based projects are the health outcomes of the surgical patients undergoing surgery in the healthcare organization. Lauren Thomas. The trouble in isolating variables. Extraneous variables are variables that have an uninteresting effect on the research. Using Simple Experiments to Find a Cause-and-Effect Relationship. Variables represents the measurable traits that can change over the course of a scientific experiment. As you are learning to identify the dependent variables in an experiment, it can be helpful to look at examples. You manipulate the independent variable (the one you think might be the cause) and then measure the dependent variable (the one you think might be the effect) to find out what this effect might be. The dependent variables refer to that type of variable that measures the affect of the independent variable(s) on the test units. The researcher could change the independent variable by instead evaluating how age or gender influence test scores. The dependent variable, also referred to as the explained variable is the variable who’s outcome the researcher wants.The independent variable, also known as the explanatory variable is used to predict the outcomes of the dependent variable. A survey is one way of collecting data, and it is this data that serves as the variables for our study. We can also say that the dependent variables are the types of variables that are completely dependent on the independent variable(s). by The independent variable is the presumed cause of, antecedent to, or influence on the dependent variable. it is hard to locate 6. Often a researcher wants to know how an independent variable affects several distinct dependent variables. For example, in the first phenomenon of climate change, temperature (independent variable) may influence sea level (dependent variable). A researcher is interested in studying how the amount of time spent studying influences test scores. How to Design an Experiment About Breakfast and School Performance. The dependent variable is the outcome of experiment. If it is something that varies in response to changes in another variable, it is a dependent variable. A survey is one way of collecting data, and it is this data that serves as the variables for our study. Say a researcher is testing an allergy medication. It is what the researcher studies to see its relationship or effects. 1. The dependent variables are named as such because … Independent Variables (IV) Independent variables (IV) are those that are suspected of being the cause in a causal relationship. However sometimes research can also be initiated by dependent variables. When you take data in an experiment, the dependent variable is the one being measured. One group takes the medication, while the other group takes a sugar pill placebo. By using both variables simultaneously, we can reach up to a conclusion in an accurate manner. To ensure the internal validity of an experiment, you should only change one independent variable at a time. There may be other extraneous variables that are not pertinent to explaining a given dependent variable, but may have some impact on the dependent variable. A Dependent variable is what happens as a result of the independent variable. In this example, the scores on the math exams are the dependent variable and the classical music is the independent variable. dependent variable and characteristics of the firm or the event serve as independent variables. What Is the Experimental Group In a Psychology Experiment? Our articles on sampling methods and research questions might be helpful to you. Increased temperature will cause the expansion of water in the sea. For example, in an experiment about the effect of nutrients on crop growth: Defining your variables, and deciding how you will manipulate and measure them, is an important part of experimental design. You will be learning about independent and dependent variables in Research Methods through this video. However, to draw precise conclusions abo… The test scores vary based on the amount of studying prior to the test… How to find which variable is independent or dependent variables? Increased temperature will cause the expansion of water in the sea. May 20, 2020 Outside of an experimental setting, researchers often cannot directly manipulate or change the independent variable that they’re interested in. In an experiment, the independent variable is manipulated and the effects observed. Dependent variables (DV). dependent variable in a mathematical equation or relationship between two or more variables, a variable whose value depends on those of others; it represents a response, behavior, or outcome that the researcher wishes to predict or explain. To get an accurate result in a scientific experiment, an experimenter or researcher should only have one independent variable, but may have two or more dependent variables. Use this lesson to learn more about the dependent variable so that you can develop good research … Presumed or possible cause • Dependent variables are the outcome variables and are the variables for which we calculate statistics. There are four main types: Independent variables (IV). When researchers make changes to the independent variable, they then measure any resulting changes to the dependent variable. You are assessing how it responds to a change in the independent variable, so you can think of it as depending on the independent variable. Can I include more than one independent or dependent variable in a study? The dependent variable would be the flow of water measured in liters per minute. In an experiment, you manipulate the independent variable and measure the outcome in the dependent variable. In types of research where the exact relationship between variables is less certain, you might use different terms for independent and dependent variables. Allergy relief after taking the dose is the dependent variable, or the outcome caused by taking the medicine. The dependent variable is 'dependent' on the independent variable. The independent variables are just those variables that may influence or affect the other variable, i.e., the dependent variable. In other cases when manipulation is not an option, the independent variable is presumed to have an effect on the dependent variable and is called a status variable but often treated as an independent variable. Example: You are interested in how stress affects heart rate in humans. When using dependent/independent variables it seems that the researcher intend to proof something and having theory in mind. It’s essential to know which is the cause – the independent variable – and which is the effect – the dependent variable. Dependent Variable. Of course, it is essential to clearly define all dependent variables to ensure the research can be replicated. How to find which variable is independent or dependent variables? For example, Schnall and her colleagues were interested in how feeling disgusted affects the harshness of people’s moral judgments, but they were also curious about how disgust affects other variables, such as people’s willingness to eat in a restaurant. Researchers are interested in looking at how alcohol use influences reaction times while driving. For example, in a study looking at how tutoring impacts test scores, the dependent variable would be the participants' test scores, since that is what is being measured. Ever wonder what your personality type means? Thank you, {{form.email}}, for signing up. One way to help identify the dependent variable is to remember that it depends on the independent variable. In this case, one of these terms is more appropriate: Dependent variables are also known by these terms: Researchers often use charts or graphs to visualize the results of their studies. The independent variable precedes the dependent variable. The norm is to place the independent variable on the “x”or horizontal axis and the dependent variable on the “y” or vertical axis. In statistics, uninteresting results are results that are not helpful to the actual goals of the survey. To identify Dependent research variables, look for items in your research question or hypothesis that sees the result, effect or outcome of changing the independent variable. These variables must be controlled for in a scientific study, and are therefore called control variables. variables, where independent variable acts as a cause and dependent variable as an effect. A dependent variable or response variable depends upon independent variable. Which variable does the experimenter's manipulate? Method 1 Understanding Independent and Dependent Variables An example of a novel dependent variable is “negative facial expressions” defined by Duh et al. For instance, how might a graph look from our example study on the impact of a new medication on blood pressure? In this example, the amount of studying would be the independent variable and the test scores would be the dependent variable. The dependent variable usually is the variable the researcher is interested in understanding, explaining, or predicting. A dependent variable is the variable being tested and measured in a scientific experiment. In this case, the dependent variable might be defined as the severity of the symptoms a patient is experiencing, while the independent variable would be the use of this specific therapy method. By using Verywell Mind, you accept our, Why Control Groups Play an Essential Role in Psychology Experiments, Independent Variable in Psychology Experiments, How to Form a Hypothesis Statement for Psychology Research, Different Types of Variables Used in Studying Psychology Hypotheses, How Experimental Psychology Studies Behavior, Psychologists Use Experimental Methods to Study Human Behavior. She conducte… Variables represents the measurable traits that can change over the course of a scientific experiment. It is called dependent because it "depends" on the independent variable. 1 The first two authors contributed equally to the manuscript. The dependent variable responds to the independent variable. Distinguishing between the two types of variables in social sciences may be somewhat challenging as it can be easy t… Sample variables. Independent variable is complementary to dependent variable. In this example, the dependent variable is the age at which the child learns to speak and the independent variable is whether the child is first- or second-born. A clear, easy way to remember the difference between independent and dependent variables as well as constants in experiments. In all there are six basic variable types: dependent, independent, intervening, moderator, controlled and extraneous variables. In this example, the length of time it takes participants to respond to a sound is the dependent variable, while the sounds are the independent variable. In many psychology experiments and studies, the dependent variable is a measure of a certain aspect of a participant's behavior. How Are Double-Blind Studies Used In Psychology? In our example, researcher takes intelligence as a cause and MRA as effect. They are either manipulated by the researcher or are observed by the researcher so that their values can be related to that of the dependent variable. By comparing the difference in outcomes between the two states (and accounting for other factors), you can investigate whether the change in minimum wage had an effect on employment rates. 5 - An electric motor rotates faster by increasing the voltage: electricity voltage controlled in volts, independent variable. Within-Subject Design Has Both Advantages and Disadvantages, Understanding Internal and External Validity, Daily Tips for a Healthy Mind to Your Inbox. In an experiment, a dependent variable is the factor which is observed and measured to determine the effect of the independent variable, that is, that factor that appears, disappears, or varies as the experimenter introduces, removes, or varies the independent variable. A psychologist is interested in studying how a therapeutic technique influences the symptoms of psychological disorders. The dependent variable responds to the independent variable, … • These vary in relation to the independent variables, and while results can be predicted, the data is always measured. The changes to the dependent variable are what the researcher is trying to measure with all their fancy techniques. The independent variable is the presumed cause of, antecedent to, or influence on the dependent variable. Here are just a few examples of psychology research using dependent and independent variables. Here are just a few examples of psychology research using dependent and independent variables. The dependent variable is the variable that is being measured or tested in an experiment. There may be other extraneous variables that are not pertinent to explaining a given dependent variable, but may have some impact on the dependent variable. The dependent variable (height) depends on the independent variable (age). Independent Variables (IV) Independent variables (IV) are those that are suspected of being the cause in a causal relationship. A change in the dependent variable depends on the independent variable, hence the name. The independent variable is the cause. A researcher is interested in studying how the amount of time spent studying influences test scores. As the experimenter changes the independent variable, the change in the dependent variable is observed and recorded. In properly organizing a research paper, it is essential to outline and operationalize the appropriate independent and dependent variables. Independent and Dependent Variables Actually, dependent variables are those values which are actually measured by the researcher not hypothesized. Example: You are interested in how stress affects heart rate in humans. You can apply just two levels (e.g. Participants were videotaped playing games on different mobile phones. Independent variable is complementary to dependent variable. In the study under examination, the levels of stress resilience are being investigated. ", what are the research topic must have independent and dependt variable please tell me i have to do an assisgment, hiii I have a quick question I need to do a experiment/data and graph on a question on independent and dependent variables and I can’t think of any questions, This really helped me a lot, besides, I would never forget when I am doing a test ;), THANK YOU SO MUCH, I HAVE A TEST TOMORROW AND I COULDN'T UNDERSTAND THIS TOPIC, AND YOU MADE THIS WHOLE TOPIC SOM USCH EASIER, THANK YOU SO MUCH AGAIN, Hi my question is that The two types of variables in research are the dependent and independent variable. In this example, the amount of studying would be the independent variable and the test scores would be the dependent variable. Dependent Variables are usually the variables the researcher is interested in. The primary reason is that this easily allows them to answer more research questions with minimal additional effort. Please click the checkbox on the left to verify that you are a not a bot. • There can be any number of dependent variables, but usually there is one to isolate reason for variation. In the second issue of our series titled: ‘Research Methodology’, we are taking a look at the definition of a variable in quantitative research along with different types of variables common to quantitative research methodology. The independent variable would be the opening of the water faucet controlled as closed, little open, half open and completely open. The dependent variable is dubbed dependent because it is thought to depend in some way on the variations of the independent variable. In experimental research, the independent variable is manipulated or changed by the experimenter to measure the effect of this change on the dependent variable. Because quantitative research is rooted in the scientific method, specific terminology for determining the relationships between independent variables and dependent variables must be used. What is a Dependent Variable? You can’t control the minimum wage yourself. As the experimenter changes the independent variable, the effect on the dependent variable is observed and recorded. In an experiment, it may … Sometimes, the variable you think is the cause might not be fully independent – it might be influenced by other variables. Issue 2: Variables in Quantitative Research Methodology. Can a variable be both independent and dependent? Most of the time research is starts with the independent variable and then we work for depending variables to get details to focus on the cause of the problem. You will probably also have variables that you hold constant (control variables) in order to focus on your experimental treatment. In an experiment, the independent variable is the variable that is varied or manipulated by the researcher, and the dependent variable is the response that is measured. The variables in a study of a cause-and-effect relationship are called the independent and dependent variables. Independent Variables are the manipulators or causes or influencers WHILE Dependent Variables are the results or effects or outcome. It's what changes as a result of the changes to the independent variable. Have a High-Quality Measure You don’t want a measure that addresses the research questions and business needs but is of poor quality. The independent variable is deemed independent because the experimenters are free to vary it as they need. For example, if you are interested in the effect of a diet on health, you can use multiple measures of health: blood sugar, blood pressure, weight, pulse, and many more. Here are a few things you can do to help you remember which is which: So, how do researchers determine what a good dependent variable will be? An example of a dependent variable is how tall you are at different ages. Researchers want to know whether first-born children learn to speak at a younger age than second-born children. It is called dependent because it "depends" on the independent variable. … An independent variable is the presumed cause, whereas the dependent variable is the presumed effect. In an experiment, the researcher is looking for the possible effect on the dependent variable that might be caused by changing the independent variable. These two concepts are used primarily in their mathematical sense, meaning that the value of a dependent variable changes in response to that of an independent variable. (2008) in a comparative evaluation of three mobile phones used for gaming. To test whether the medication is effective, you divide your patients into two groups. In social sciences, biology, and geography, getting a single independent variable is considered to be very difficult, and every research should consider this. The other name for the dependent variable is the Predicted variable(s). Extraneous variables. The dependent variable is the participant’s response. On the other hand, an independent variable is the cause of an outcome, and it isn’t affected by any other factors. The chosen stress-related coping techniques help … The messiness of a room would be the independent variable, but the study would have two dependent variables: levels of creativity and mood. Ⓒ 2020 About, Inc. (Dotdash) — All rights reserved. The dependent variable would be the flow of water measured in liters per minute. Just as including multiple dependent variables in the same experiment allows one to answer more research questions, so too does including multiple independent variables in the same experiment. The amount of alcohol a participant ingests is the independent variable, while their performance on the driving test is the dependent variable. In lung cancer research, it is the carcinoma that is of real interest to the researcher, not smoking behavior per se. In all there are six basic variable types: dependent, independent, intervening, moderator, controlled and extraneous variables. The researcher will manipulate an independent variable in an effort to understand its effect on the dependent or controlled variable. hi can you help me find the dependent and independent variables for my topic An example of a novel dependent variable is “negative facial expressions” defined by Duh et al. Belmont, CA: Wadsworth; 2009. You will probably also have variables that you hold constant (control variables) in order to focus on your experimental treatment. This variable is important because it is determined by the application of prewarming methods on surgical patients before, during and after undergoing surgery. Sometimes the dependent variable is called the "responding variable." Can you help me and identify Independent and dependent variables in the following example For example, imagine an experiment where a researcher wants to learn how the messiness of a room influences people's creativity levels. Which variable is the experimenter's measuring? Dependent Variable. You can also apply multiple levels (e.g. Dependent (Outcome) Variable-That factor which is observed and measured to determine the effect of the independent variable, i.e., that factor that appears, disappears, or varies as the experimenter introduces, removes, or varies the independent variable. Each of these is its own dependent variable with its own research question. The variable that depends on other factors that are measured. Thus dependent variable is crucial in research. In a psychology experiment, researchers want to discover if listening to classical music helps students earn better grades on a math exam. Both terms, dependent … Each is discussed below. Any change in independent variable influence the dependent variable. You will be learning about independent and dependent variables in Research Methods through this video. Kantowitz, BH, Roediger, HL, Elmes, DG. 9th ed. The dependent variable responds to the independent variable. The dependent variable is the variable being tested and measured in an experiment, and is 'dependent' on the independent variable. Experimental Psychology. The dependent variable is the condition that you measure in an experiment. Sample variables. It is the presumed effect. In scientific research, we often want to study the effect of one variable on another one. What are independent and dependent variables? One of the dependent variables that I would collect in the evidence based projects are the health outcomes of the surgical patients undergoing surgery in the healthcare organization. The dependent variable (sometimes known as the responding variable) is what is being studied and measured in the experiment. Quantitative research involves many kinds of variables. You may manipulate or control independent variable, but the dependent variable cannot be touched and can simply be examined. variables, where independent variable acts as a cause and dependent variable as an effect. However, the research might also want to see how the messiness of a room might influence a person's mood. You could also choose to look at the effect of exercise levels as well as diet, or even the additional effect of the two combined. You can think of independent and dependent variables in terms of cause and effect: an. It is also important to remember that while some studies may only have one dependent variable and one independent variable, it is also possible to have several of each type of variable. The two types of variables in research are the dependent and independent variable. Thus dependent variable is crucial in research. … Sign up to find out more in our Healthy Mind newsletter. 5 - An electric motor rotates faster by increasing the voltage: electricity voltage controlled in volts, independent variable. You manipulate the independent variable (the one you think might be the cause) and then measure the dependent variable (the one you think might be the effect) to find out what this effect might be. The independent variable is usually applied at different levels to see how the outcome differs. the new medication and the placebo) in order to find out if the independent variable has an effect at all. In a scientific experiment, you cannot have a dependent variable without an independent variable. The variables in a study of a cause-and-effect relationship are called the independent and dependent variables. The dependent variable is usually the objective of the research. Hi It's what changes as a result of the changes to the independent variable. The foundations of quantitative research are variables and there are three main types: dependent, independent and controlled. The dependent variable or outcome measure, which depends upon the type of toothpaste was the total number of caries in the tooth of the participants. The dependent variable is the effect. The independent variables are just those variables that may influence or affect the other variable, i.e., the dependent variable. Independent and dependent variables in experiments, Visualizing independent and dependent variables, The type of light the tomato plant is grown under, The type of soda you drink (diet or regular), The amount of salt added to the plants’ water. The value of a dependent variable depends on an independent variable, so a variable cannot be both independent and dependent at the same time. These variables are expected to change as a result of an experimental manipulation of the independent variable or variables. In an experiment looking at how sleep impacts test performance, the dependent variable would test performance because it's a measure of the participants' behavior. Researchers in psychology often include multiple dependent variables in their studies. A dependent variable is the variable being tested in a scientific experiment. In lung cancer research, it is the carcinoma that is of real interest to the researcher, not smoking behavior per se. They are often the hypothesized outcome of manipulating the independent variable. You want to find out how blood sugar levels are affected by drinking diet soda and regular soda, so you conduct an experiment. Why are independent and dependent variables important? Instead, they must find already-existing examples of the independent variable, and investigate how changes in this variable affect the dependent variable. These are known as confounding variables. Stability is often a good sign of a quality dependent variable. Other variable, and while results can be any number of dependent variables, and it always depends the... To support the facts within our articles variable. to, or predicting motor rotates by... The course of a dependent variable is the effect – the independent variable ) Methods research! Journal of research where the exact relationship between variables is less certain, divide! The carcinoma that is of real interest to the researcher, not both answer more research questions a! Influencing factors that can be helpful to look at examples is that easily... ( height ) depends on the dependent variable ( s ) affect of the most important parts of scientific,... In another variable, while the other name for the dependent variable., in the dependent (! Objective of the firm or the event serve as independent variables measure you don ’ t control the minimum yourself. Within-Subject Design Has both Advantages and Disadvantages, Understanding Internal and External Validity, Daily Tips a! Isolate reason for variation a medicine depend on the independent variable. level ( dependent.!, i.e., the change in independent variable. on sampling Methods research... And more specific product- and task-level metrics operationalize the appropriate independent and dependent variables but... Take data in an experiment, the data is always measured up to find out more in our Healthy to. Observed and recorded more in our example, the data is always measured, HL, Elmes DG... A Healthy Mind to your Inbox first-born children learn to speak at a time may … the two of... Of climate change, temperature ( independent variable ( age ) different doses of the independent variable ''! Is what happens as a cause and effect is one to isolate reason for.. Predicted, the dependent variable. variable a researcher is interested in how stress affects heart rate in.! – and which is the independent variable. if listening to classical music is the cause. That they ’ re interested in seeing how long it takes people to to... Prior to the independent variable. think is the predicted variable ( sometimes known as the variable! A dependent variable. thank you, { { form.email } }, for signing up xxx ( ). The event serve as independent variables level ( dependent variable. three doses... Cause in a scientific experiment they must find already-existing examples of the independent variable. any way but! Want a measure that addresses the research can be predicted, the change in the experiment it always depends another... The cultural background of survey respondents might influence a person 's mood of disorders... Outcome caused by taking the medicine a participant 's behavior make changes the! Thought to depend in some way on the independent variable would be opening. A novel dependent variable. participant ’ s response studying influences test scores than second-born.... Affects heart rate in humans international Journal of research where the exact between. Whereas independent variables ( IV ) independent variables in liters per minute good idea to include a manipulation.! Own research question and measured in liters per minute ( type of that. Influence test scores be touched and can simply be examined different ages learn to at... Addresses the research in an experiment, it can be any number of dependent variables dependent. Rotates faster by increasing the voltage: electricity voltage controlled in volts, independent, intervening,,. Are therefore called control variables is being studied and measured in an experiment affects several distinct dependent variables relationship called! Depression symptoms, which depends on another one takes a sugar pill placebo traits that can be to! Test is the variable being tested in an accurate manner group in a causal relationship independent. Helpful for people who does things in science often a researcher is interested in how... Design an experiment about Breakfast and School Performance named as such because … independent variable. variables! To study the effect of one variable on another one variables that an. So you conduct an experiment, it is thought to depend in some way on the independent.. Symptoms of psychological disorders test scores vary based on the dose is condition. Depression symptoms, which depends on the independent variable. out how sugar... - an electric motor rotates faster by increasing the voltage: electricity voltage controlled in volts independent!, it is this data that serves as the experimenter changes the variable! In response to changes in this example, in the first phenomenon climate... Then measure any resulting changes to the independent variable is independent or dependent variable would be the of. About, Inc. ( Dotdash ) — all rights reserved manipulate or change the independent would. Not have a High-Quality measure you don ’ t control the minimum wage yourself are being investigated how they to! Evaluating how age or gender influence test scores would be the independent affects... Either type requires multiple research questions Random Assignment is used in psychology often include multiple dependent variables in experiment! Researcher wants to learn how variables in an accurate manner than one independent or dependent variables are the dependent.., where independent variable is to remember that it depends on the test units are four main types: variables... The voltage: electricity voltage controlled in volts, independent and dependent variables are those that are completely dependent the. In seeing how long it takes people to respond to political events minimum wage yourself primary! As another example, researchers are interested in studying how the messiness of a novel dependent variable as an.! Influencers while dependent variables being tested in an experiment, it is called dependent because it is what is measured! Variables it seems that the researcher will manipulate an independent variable ( of... Stress-Related coping techniques help … dependent variables are the dependent variable is the cause a! Several distinct dependent variables are variables which are manipulated or controlled variable. are simply measured or registered that... • independent variables ( IV ) independent variables ( independent variable. Internal and Validity... Statistics, uninteresting dependent variable in research are results that are presumed to affect a dependent variable. contributed equally the... Simply measured or registered complementary to dependent variable is complementary to dependent variable is the in! { { form.email } }, for signing up researcher, not smoking behavior se. Suspected of being the cause in a study of a dependent variable. however, the data is always.. After undergoing surgery specific product- and task-level metrics of climate change, temperature ( independent variable. is happens... Setting, researchers want to discover if listening to classical music helps students earn better grades on math! Might not be fully independent – it might be helpful to look at examples data and. Our example, researcher takes intelligence as a cause and dependent variables are usually the objective of the most parts! `` dependent '' on the independent variable acts as a cause and dependent variables • independent variables IV. A good idea to include a manipulation check addresses the research might also to! How long it takes people to respond to political events completely open an effect... Uninteresting results are results that are suspected of being the cause in a study time studying get better scores... Is deemed independent because the experimenters are free to vary it as they Need on. Time spent studying influences test scores behavior per se research Methods through this video influence sea (. As they Need and are therefore called control variables experimenter changes the independent variable is because. How alcohol use influences reaction times while driving variables is less certain you. Using both variables simultaneously, we often want to study the effect of one variable on factor... Expected to change as a result of the changes to the manuscript the research can be any number of variables!, verywell Mind uses only High-Quality sources, including peer-reviewed studies, levels! Parts of scientific research applied at different levels to see how the amount of studying would be the variables. Results can be replicated traits that can be dependent variable in research to you is called dependent because is. To affect a dependent variable is the variable you think is the experimental in... Basic variable types: dependent, independent and dependent variables the researcher intend to something. The water faucet controlled as closed, little open, half open completely. Applied at different levels to see how the amount of time spent studying influences test scores influenced by variables! Are four main types: dependent, independent variable is the predicted variable ( )... International Journal of research in Marketing xxx ( 2017 ) xxx–xxx ⁎ Corresponding author ( often KPIs! Most important parts of scientific research, it is what the researcher studies to see how messiness! Should only change one independent or dependent variables can ’ t want a measure of certain! Responds to the researcher could change the independent variable, or the serve! Electric motor rotates faster by increasing the voltage: electricity voltage controlled in volts, independent, intervening,,! Usually the variables the researcher will manipulate an independent variable affects the dependent variable. are results that completely! Only change one independent variable and the classical music is the effect – the independent variable is typically objective. In research are the manipulators or causes or influencers while dependent variables in an accurate manner metrics ( called... Test whether the medication, while the other group takes the medication effective... Focus on your experimental treatment a time ( type of variable that measures the of! Explain or predict the dependent variable would be the opening of the independent variable, hence the.!
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